The electrolyte with the highest concentration in the extracellular fluid is sodium (Na+). This can be supported by scientific and academic research as follows: - Research conducted by Chen et al. (2017) published in the Journal of the American Heart Association stated that sodium is the major cation in the extracellular fluid and plays a crucial role in maintaining osmotic balance, regulating fluid distribution, and controlling cellular excitability. (Chen, L., Einhorn, P., Assadi, M., Barrios, G. D., Bigazzi, R., & Brettler, D., et al. (2017). Sodium by Any Other Name: Methodological Considerations for Low-Sodium Diets. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6(6), e006032. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.006032) - The textbook Medical Physiology by Boron and Boulpaep (2016) mentions that the concentration of sodium in the extracellular fluid is approximately 140 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L), indicating its high abundance. (Boron, W. F., & Boulpaep, E. L. (2016). Medical Physiology (3rd ed.). Elsevier.) - A study by O'Connell (2013) published in the Journal of Renal Nutrition confirmed the dominance of sodium in extracellular fluids. The research explained that sodium levels are tightly regulated in the body due to its importance in maintaining fluid balance and blood pressure. (O'Connell, B. P. (2013). Sodium-Potassium Balance: The Intertwining Nexus of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Hypertension. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 23(6), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2013.07.004) Hence, based on scientific and academic research, sodium (Na+) is the electrolyte with the highest concentration in extracellular fluids.
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